Since Comrade XI JINPING become general secretary in the 18th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), he has placed the development of football on the agenda in order to build China as a great sports nation.
CHINESE FOOTBALL REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM
“Chinese Football Mid-to-Long-term Development Plan
(2016-2050)”.
Read
Chinese Football’s 50-point reform plan [2015] in full – exclusive translation
[22feb2016]
Ø
“Football has a great social impact and is loved
by the great masses.”
Ø “The revitalization of
football is an indispensable prerequisite for the construction of a powerful
sports nation. Football
is a beacon of hope for the masses”.
Access RAS in 2017-0708
Last year saw the release of a
comprehensive football reform plan from the Chinese government which gained
widespread international attention and brought much discussion of the links between
the sport and politics in China.
The plan accurately identifies many of the
key issues affecting the game in the country, but it will be years before any
measure of its effectiveness can be taken. For the first time on the English
internet, a proper translation is now available.
Read on to enter the Chinese football rabbit hole…
The General Office of the State Council
publishes the
‘CHINESE FOOTBALL REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM’.
To:
All people’s governments of
provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, all departments under the State
Council and all subordinate institutions:
The Central Committee and
the State Council have agreed the ‘Chinese football reform and development
program’ and is requesting its implementation.
‘Chinese
football reform and development program’
- Since Comrade XI JINPING become general secretary in the 18th Congress of
the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), he has placed the development of
football on the agenda in order to build China as a great sports nation.
- General Secretary XI JINPING has on several occasions pointed out that the
Chinese football industry has to be developed. In addition, Premier LI KEQIANG has attached great
importance to those who work in the football and other sports industries.
- The State Council has conducted several studies.
The reform and development of football is an unprecedented opportunity.
- Football has a great
social impact and is loved by the great masses.
- The development and revitalization of football
will improve the physical condition of the Chinese people, enrich cultural
life, promote the spirit of patriotism and collectivism, cultivate sports
culture, and develop the sports industry.
- This has a great significance for the realization
of the dream of becoming a powerful sports nation, and great importance
for the development of the economy, society and culture. Chinese football
has already achieved good results in Asia. In the 1990s, the
professionalization of football begun.
- Previous reforms were effective to some extent,
but the insufficient appreciation of football, ignorance about the rules
and the eagerness for quick success led to negative results. The
organization and management system was underdeveloped.
- Furthermore, the shortage of staff and
supervision deficits led to the weakness of the social foundation for the
development of football. Development and competitiveness of the industry
has been disturbed and sporting success has declined.
- After 2009 an administrative restructuring was
carried out to combat illegal gambling and corruption. Development
initiatives like Campus Football
were carried out. Football had since been on a positive trend and expects
a new peak. In comparison to the rapid development of world football, and
Asian football, our football is lagging behind in all aspects.
- The revitalization of
football is an indispensable prerequisite for the construction of a
powerful sports nation. Football
is a beacon of hope for the masses.
- Due to the deficiencies of sports management,
reforms should be promoted and football should be revitalized.
- This football reform was introduced in the
second, third and fourth plenum of the 18th Central Committee to meet the
new expectations of the people, to improve the image of Chinese sports and
to realize the dream of becoming a strong sports nation.
- The following plan was elaborated to implement
the decisions of the Central Committee and State Council.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
[1] Guiding Ideology
1.1.
The theories of DENG XIAOPING, the principle of “The
three Represents” and scientific development concepts are intended as a
guideline.
1.2.
The ideas of the second,
third and fourth plenary session of the 18th Central Committee should be fully
implemented.
1.3.
The speeches by XI JINPING should serve as a basis for
the implementation of reforms.
1.4.
The development of the
football reform is an important measure to build up a powerful sports nation.
1.5.
The problem-oriented
institutional reform and innovation has to ensure the systematic development of
football in order to raise the level of Chinese football.
1.6.
The development of a sports
spirit and team building is very important. For an effective institutional
mechanism a democratic opening and a sound legal system is necessary.
[2] Fundamental principles
1.1.
The combination of domestic conditions and international
experiences will provide a decent development pathway for Chinese football. In order to realize the full social value and
function of football, it is necessary to start from the actual situation in
China and to learn from the experiences of developed football countries to
achieve a new way of reform and development of football with Chinese
characteristics.
1.2.
A combination of long-term planning and a solid
foundation. Strengthening top-level planning. Focusing on the implementation of the strategy. Promoting
the development of football through the participation of the population and
developing facilities, management and culture.
1.3. A combination of innovative
reconstruction and management of problems. Emancipation of spirit and mind. Transformation of
concept. Optimize the combination of key elements. Create an innovation and
development platform. Respect law. Handle the relations of present and
future-oriented action, of specific and general aspects and of spreading and
efficiency. Strengthen the scientific governance and solve development problems.
1.4.
A combination of a national system and market
mechanism. Using the superiority of
the socialist system. Joining forces to integrate resources. Fully make use of
the market mechanism. Inspire vitality. The creation of a fair and honest
environment in order to promote the protection of equal competition.
1.5.
A combination of football development and the
improvement of the physical health of the entire nation. The promotion of football will improve the athleticism of the masses.
1.6. The main objective. Embedding the development of football in economic and
social development planning. The implementation of the “three-step-strategy”.
1.7.
Short-term goal: Improving the environment and atmosphere for the
development of football. The optimization of the football management system.
Designing a medium- and long-term development plan. The creation of a football
management model with Chinese characteristics. Create a structure that develops
the football industry and professional football together.
1.8.
Mid-term goal: A significant increase in youth football. The League
organization and the level of competition have to become the best in Asia. The
men’s football team should be the best in Asia. The women’s football should
return to be among the top teams in the world.
1.9.
Long-term goal: The realization of the comprehensive development of
Chinese football. Chinese football will become a sport that is universally
participated in by the masses. In the whole society a healthy football culture
will be established. The league organization and the level of competition will
enter the global forefront. An active
bid to host the men’s World Cup. Increase significantly the international
competitiveness of the men’s national team to reach globally the highest ranks.
[3] Adaptation of the Chinese Football Association
to the reforms
3.1.
A clear positioning and function. The Chinese Football Association is for the public
good and is broadly representative and professional. It is the authority in
charge of national football. It is the only legitimate organization that
represents our nation internationally. It is mainly responsible for the
performance of football, for the dissemination of football, for the promotion
of football talent, for the formulation of industry standards, for the
development of a decent professional league system and for the formation of the
national football team.
3.2.
Reorganization of the Chinese Football Association. According to the separation of politics and society
there must be clear responsibilities. The Chinese Football Association has to
be built on to the principle of legal
autonomy. The Chinese Football Association and General Administration of Sport should be independent from each
other. Different organizational structures. The decoupling of the Chinese
Football Association from the General Administration of Sport should include
the reorganization of the internal structure, planning of work, financial and
compensation management, human resource management, international professional
exchanges and other aspects of the decision-making rights.
3.3.
Optimization of the leadership institution. The Chinese Football Association has no
administrative level. The leadership institution should embody a wide
representation and professionalization. The Chinese Football Association should
be represented by the sports administration department of the State Council,
local football associations, industry representatives, representatives of the
football league, famous footballers, representatives and experts from society
and other fields.
3.4.
Development of an internal management mechanism. Perfection of the internal governance structure of
the Chinese Football Association. The regulation of power flow and working
procedures. Establish policy making power, implementation power, monitoring
power, reciprocal restriction power and coordination mechanism. Strengthen
self-construction. Recruitment of talented staff. Football should contain sport
management, economics and law. The abilities of the professional workforce will
be improved through international technical exchanges. The quality of staff
will be improved. Strengthen the self-discipline of the industry. Use strong
measures to solve the existing problems of the football industry. Improve
service awareness to overcome the negative trends in the administration. The
Chinese Football Association should be operated as a mass organization. Financial
disclosure. Accept audit and supervision.
3.5.
Development of an association management system. The members of the Chinese Football Association
should cover the regional football associations geographically and reflect the industry broadly. The regional football
associations and industry should be part of the Chinese Football Association
management system. Regional football associations and industries are
responsible for their region, for example for building a membership
organization of local industries, competition, training, public relation and
other football activities. This should step by step be implemented in the whole
country. Carry out a complete organization. Management of efficiency. Powerful
cooperation. Adaptation to the modern football management system.
3.6.
Strengthening the leadership of the party. Strengthening the football association as an
organization mechanism of the party. Proceed in accordance with the principles
of the party cadres and the personnel policy of the party. Strengthening the
association ideology, the political work and the daily management of cadres.
The Chinese Football Association is built as a party committee and the party
organization is led by the General Administration of Sport leadership.
[4] Improvement and reform of the
structure and management model of professional football clubs
4.1.
The promotion of healthy and stable development of
football clubs. Limited access.
Standardized management of professional football clubs. Recognize their
important role and position in the professional league. Clubs should focus on
their own structure. Improvement of rules and regulations. Strengthening of self-management.
Compliance with the rules of the industry. Active commitment to social
responsibility. Acceptance of social monitoring. Encourage local governments to
create appropriate conditions. Those good clubs should lead to a stable basis
of football.
4.2. The development of football
strengthens the representation and the function as a role model of a CITY. Investors should be preventing from changing clubs
and frequently re-locating clubs to other cities. This is one of the reasons
that there is a lack of stable football clubs and general uncertainty. Cultivate actively a stable fan base and urban football culture.
4.3.
Optimization of club ownership structure. Implementation of multiple investments by the
government, enterprises and individuals. Encourage football clubs to invest in
shares of football stadiums and other resources of the local governments. Form
a rational structure of investment sources. Stimulate the realization of the
club location. Stimulate the realization of the localization of football clubs.
Encourage clubs to gradually drop company names from the club name. Optimize
the corporate governance structure of football clubs. Accelerate the
construction of a modern enterprise system. Long-term orientation.
Systematic planning. Rigorously establish durable clubs.
4.4.
Advancing the clubs to promote talented people. Set the standards for the introduction of talent in
clubs and for salary management practices. Explore best practices for payroll
accounting from clubs and players. Prevent the value of football players from
being kept artificially high.
4.5.
Disorderly competition and other problems. Investigate the quota for foreign players and other
relevant decision-making mechanisms. Handle the relationship between foreign
players and the development of local players. Strengthen the employment
contracts of club management. The so-called “Yin Yang Contract” and other
illegal activities such as the withholding of wages should be investigated and
punished strictly. Adjust the regulation that clubs have to pay a processing
fee in player transfers to reduce the burden of clubs.
[5] Improving the football competition
system and professional league system
5.1.
Strengthen competition system. Optimize the structure of competition. Extend the
scope of competition. Increase the types of competition. Gradually create a
stable match system. Clear hierarchical assignments. Ordered connection.
Enhance the competitive structure of urban and rural areas. With particular
emphasis on professional league, create competition at regional level,
competition at youth level, linked up with Campus Football, for the realization
of a scientific competition structure. Gradually create a youth league system.
Actively promote and organize industry in municipalities, businesses, military,
and elderly, futsal, beach football and other sports.
5.2.
Create a committee to regulate professional football. Set up an independent committee which is responsible
for the organization and management of the professional league, and an
appropriate structure for the Chinese Super League system, the second and third
division. Starting from the basic political system the Chinese Football
Association should examine clubs. Take discipline and arbitration actions.
Decisions on major issues and other aspects are supervised by the Committee,
where the representatives are delegated. The committee delegates
representatives to the Chinese Football Association with whom they take part in
decisions and discussions.
5.3.
Optimization of the bonus system in competitions. Development is in accordance with the characteristics
of football. Unlike other sports projects there are award criteria. Maintain
competitive order. Adhere to fair competition. Build sportsmanship.
5.4.
Competition organization and management department of
sport should cooperate with the respective authorities of public security to
strengthen management. Everyone should pursue
their duties. Optimization of security measures. The police are responsible for
the monitoring of security and order at football matches. The organization
ensures the safety of the match venue and the surrounding area. Crack down on
illegal and criminal activities. Promote the cultivation of fans. Compliance
with discipline and law.
5.5.
Strengthen the management of the industry. Ensure referees are impartial. Coaches and players
must follow regulations and discipline. Strict precautionary measures. Strict
action against violation of laws of the football industry. Improve disciplinary
action. Industrial relief system and mechanism. The football management department,
public security organs and other fields need to strengthen cooperation.
Building a cooperative mechanism where illegal activities can be reported.
Effective prevention. Early detection. Determined action against gangs of
forgers and those indulging in other criminal activities.
5.6.
Promote the exchange of international competitions. Promote the participation of Chinese football in
international competitions to enhance international exchange and to raise the
level. Promote work that is related to the application for the men’s FIFA World
Cup.
[6] The reform is designed to promote the
development of campus football.
6.1.Bring the function of
football coaches into play. Deepen reforms for school
sports. All around development of talent cultivation. Campus Football should
increase participation in football. Strengthen the basis of football talents.
Improve the overall quality of students. Promoting the healthy growth of young
people is the main project. Strengthening the advocacy of parents. Recognition
and support of society. Encourage more young students to love and enjoy
football. Make participation in football an experience. Develop an
effective method in order to adapt to social rules and ethical standards.
6.2.Promote the popularity of Campus Football. Football will be included on the physical education
syllabus in all primary and secondary schools and the proportion of hours will
be increased. Benefit from such support in order to advance special
popularization. This is a good foundation.
6.3.Provide key support for particularly
enthusiastic elementary and secondary schools. Throughout the country there are currently about
5,000 primary and secondary schools specialized in football. By 2020 this
number is expected to reach 20,000, and by 2025 it will reach 50,000. Women’s
football schools will thereby occupy a certain proportion.
6.4.Optimization of the
insurance mechanism. Promote public procurement
of services. Promote the safety of Campus Football to eliminate the concerns of
students, parents and schools.
6.5.Promote a culture of
learning and common development of football skills. Strengthen the management of talented students.
Improvement of the examination and enrollment policy. Encourage students to
actively participate in learning and training in football. Allow talented
students to have access to higher education in order to create a good
environment for development.
6.6.Promote the growth of young talents. Promote the establishment of school teams at all
levels. Place emphasis on optimizing the normalization.
6.7.Horizontal and vertical
connection of 4 football competition systems (college, high school, middle
school and elementary school).
Explore whether an assessment system can be included on the college football
competition.
6.8.Train the trainer. The level of coaching will be improved through
training of existing professionals, part-time football teachers, scouts and
others. Promoting the introduction of foreign football coaches. The 50,000 schools that are specialized in
football should emerge until the year 2020. Part-time football teachers
should be trained in the first phase. Optimization of policy measures.
Strengthening of professional training. This is a chance for retired
professional footballers to obtain a new job as physical education teachers.
[7] Develop the popularity of social
football
7.1.
Promote the popularity of football. Maintain that the way people are treated is the most
important. Accelerate the promotion of the development of social football to
expand the size of the football population. Encourage organizations,
institutions, people’s organizations, military and business to join together or
individually set up football teams and carry out a variety of social football
activities. Lay stress on funding, venue, time, competition, coaching and other
aspects to support the development of social football. Trade unions, the
Communist Youth League, women’s organizations and other mass organizations
should bring their superiority into play in order to promote the development of
social football.
7.2.
Promote social football and professional football
together. Increase steadily the
participation and raise the level in social football to have a solid foundation
and talent base for the development of professional football. Promote and
increase the popularity of social football by accelerating the development of
professional football.
[8] Improve the promotion of technical
football staff as a development mode.
Expand channels and space to grow football players.
Increase training efforts. Optimize the selection
mechanism. Create multiple channels for elite football players. Strengthening
Campus Football and the awareness of the promotion of football talent in social
football. Broaden the horizons of professional football scouting. Advance
Campus Football to develop excellent grassroots to provide a growth path from
social football to professional football.
Construct a good combination between EDUCATION and SPORT. Strengthening cultural education. Form willpower and
promote personality to achieve an overall improvement in the development of
football. Encourage football clubs, enterprises and other social forces to
select professional football players and youth players to receive training in
developed countries and strive to ensure that those are among the high-level professional
leagues abroad.
Enhance professional football training. In accordance with the principles of classification
management. Construction of national, regional, industrial, specific
organizations, social forces and other levels should represent a diverse
organizational structure of training. Strengthen football coaches, referees,
teachers and other professionals for training. Completely bring into play the
function of sports educational institutions and scientific research institutes
for sport in terms of theoretical football research and the education of
football professionals. Strengthen international exchanges and the introduction
of a number of high-level foreign lecturers for our coaches, referees, and
instructors, to implement large-scale training.
Strengthen of football management to train qualified
personnel. Expand technical expertise
at all levels of the football association, the clubs and other organizations to
improve the quality of personnel and level of work. It is necessary to develop
a modern football management which adapts to professionalism and
internationalism.
Establish special football schools and academies. Adapt to the needs of the cultivation of football
talent. Use the undergraduate study situation to set up football academies. A
new form of football school should be established that actively brings cultural
education with football together.
Good football players will create new job
opportunities. Consistent and
comprehensive planning of a market mechanism and policy guidelines will give
football players a platform for re-employment. Providing necessary support for
their training and assessment will allow them to serve as football coaches,
referees, lecturers, or to be the backbone of the football movement in a
company or the armed forced, or to work in the management and services area of
the football association and football clubs.
[9] Promoting the reform and development
of the national football team.
Carefully build the
national team. Bring into play the systematic superiority. Strengthen
organizational leadership. Enhancing national pride and social responsibility.
Carry forward the Chinese sports spirit. Create superb techniques, a tenacious
style; fight tough battles so that the national football team can make our
country proud. Give excellent performances to gain the confidence of the people
and stimulate youthful enthusiasm to promote the development of football in the
country. Intensify reforms.
According to the technical
requirements, shape the physical and mental characteristics of the players and
the development trends of modern football. Achieve a steady improvement in the
level of the national team.
Optimizing team selection
mechanism. Focus on the current and concentrate on looking forward. Adherence
to technology and style. Adherence to openness, equality and competition.
Priority selection of players who have a strong desire to serve their country.
The willpower of the players who come to the national team will be first-class
quality. The players of the national team will be nominated from all
professional clubs. Carry out a dynamic selection mechanism so that at any time
the national team is able to participate in a major tournament, has the
technical and tactical skills, and is composed of the best talent. Strengthen
the national team reservists with experienced players. Optimize the scouting of
young football talents and the selection mechanism. Create a database of young
first-class players with a view to the long-term. A dynamic
adjustment of the list of players.
Improve ability to provide
the service. Strengthen the funding for the national team, the incentive
policies, the logistics services, the intelligence information and other
aspects of security in order to improve the level of service. Build two new
national training bases to satisfy the need that the national team has for
matches and training in different seasons. Hire domestic and foreign high-level
professionals. Thoroughly develop the football theory, tactics, medical
rehabilitation, team management and other research. The management of the
national team should be based on scientific research.
Strengthen coaches ability
to build the team. Establish strict regulations that national team coaches and
team management make the selection and check evaluation mechanisms to
strengthen contract management. The coach is responsible for the enforcement of
the game system. The coaching staff and management team are assessed in their
term of office by their targets, so that responsibilities, rights and interests
are clear and incentives and restrictions are placed.
Coordinate the needs of the
national team and clubs. The scientific development has to be in line with our
national conditions and the rules of professional football to develop the work
planning and management system of the national team. Improve the systems of
national team, professional leagues and other leagues at all levels. Develop a
comprehensive understanding of competition cycles of the national team and the
national competition plans. The clubs should put the masses in the first place
and fully support the construction of the national team.
Strengthen the construction and management
of football pitches
Expand the number of
football pitches. Study and formulate a national construction plan for football
pitches. The construction of new football pitches should be integrated into
urban and rural construction planning. Clear rigid requirements that are
implemented by all levels of government organizations. Adapt to local
conditions to build football pitches. Make full use of urban and rural
wasteland, unused land, parks, forests, roofs etc. The construction of a large
number of simple and practical non-standard football pitches. Create the
conditions to meet the site requirements of Campus Football.
Give political support for
the construction of football pitches. Invest social capital into the
construction of football pitches with a view to the implementation of land,
taxation, financial and other preferential policies.
Improve the operational
capabilities and comprehensive benefits of the venues and facilities, in
accordance with the separation of management and the non-profit principle. The
purchase of services is delegated by authority. Invite tenders to choose a
professional social organization or enterprise responsible for the management
and operation of public football pitches. Promote free or low-cost public
football pitches which are open to the public. Promote use of school football
pitches outside school hours for a low price or for free for public use. Schools
and society should share football pitches.
Optimize investment mechanisms
Increase financial investment.
Governments at all levels should increase investment
in football. According to the division
of powers it will be mainly used in the construction of football venues, Campus
Football, youth football, women’s football, the national team, teaching,
research and other aspects. Sports, education and other relevant departments in
the funding arrangements should give the reform and development of football
preferential treatment.
The establishment of the China Football Development
Foundation.
The foundation is a
nonprofit organization. In compliance with law it will carry out fund-raising,
donations and charity functions to encourage all kinds of enterprises,
institutions, social forces and individual donations. Donated funds can legally
be calculated as corporate income tax or personal income tax. The foundation
will be managed in accordance with regulations. Strengthen information
disclosure in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Social
supervision has to be accepted.
Strengthen the lottery to support the development of
football. Every year the central
management of the lottery has to make a charitable donation to the China
Football Development Foundation fund. This is a special benefit for the youth
football and the activities of public welfare. Promote actively the release of
the Chinese Football League lottery quiz.
Strengthen the development
of the football industry. Intensify and protect the development of intangible
assets of football.
Creating a competitive brand. The development of football affiliate products.
Cultivate a football service market. Explore the convergence of the football
industry and related industries. Construct the whole process of the football
industry chain. Increase the football industry revenue. Form a structural shape
where various economic sectors jointly establish the pattern of the football
industry.
Increase the market development efforts of the Chinese
Football Association. Increase the market
development gains of the league, cup, national team and others. Quickly sort
out the relationship with business enterprises. According to the modern
enterprise system subsidiaries should be established. Make these gradually
become real market players. Simultaneously introduce new competitors. Build a
structure that is market-oriented and guarantees fair competition.
The establishment of a television rights market
competition mechanism. An innovative mechanism to
achieve orderly competition in football broadcasting rights. Reform of the
income distribution mechanism of football television rights to ensure that the
competition organizers and competitors are the main beneficiaries. Innovation
and promotion of football television broadcasting and the way it is operated.
Explore a convergence of traditional and new media to achieve development in
football. Increase revenue in new media.
Encourage social forces to develop football. Encourage powerful companies and individuals to
invest in professional football clubs, organize sponsored football matches and
public projects. Football should be exemplary and take a leading role. Expand
sources of funding for clubs and football development.
Strengthen the leadership of football.
Establish an inter-ministerial joint conference system
for the reform and development of football. Continue to promote the reform and development of
football. Ensure the implementation of the program. Establish an
inter-ministerial joint conference system for the reform and development of
football. The Sports Administration should strengthen macro guidance and policy
research on the reform and development of football. The Ministry of Education
should hand over responsibility of the implementation of the Campus Football to
a competent manager. Every entity should fulfill their duties, use their
strength and work together to jointly promote the reform and development of
football.
Regard football as an important agenda. All regions will place the reform and development of
football as an important debate on their agenda. Emancipate the mind. Have
clear objectives. Implement the plan. Integrate resources to create unified and
comprehensive strength. Bold exploration. Form characteristics. Local sports
administrative departments at all levels are responsible for the support of
local football associations to promote the development of football in the
region.
Strengthening the work style and the legal
requirements in the football industry. Strengthen ideological and moral education and
professional ethics education in the field of football. Strengthen the team
spirit and the determination in sports as a character trait. Cultivate
patriotism, dedication, perseverance, unity and hardworking style. Diligently
promote the development and revitalization of Chinese football. This is good
for social harmony and the progress of spiritual strength.
Adapt to the needs of the development of football and
the industrial particularities.
Optimization of relevant laws, regulations, standards and regulations of the
football industry. Lay a solid foundation of football governance system. The
formation of a football legal system that exerts prevention and punishment and
has a law enforcement and supervision system.
Establishment of a fair and transparent legal
environment – establish an environment for a good public opinion. Guide the masses to promote an understanding of the
current situation in football. Establish reasonable expectations. A rational
view of victory and defeat. Innovative football propaganda. Strengthen
management involving football news and public opinion guidance. Maximize
consensus on the reform and development of football.
Play an exemplary role. Select a number of places and cities with good
football foundation, with good conditions for the development of football and
with high enthusiasm. Strengthen support and guidance. Sum up and promote the
exemplary experience of the reform and development of football. Use the
experience of selected units to promote work in the entire area.
Promote improvement.
Wild East Football would like to sincerely
thank Ilker Gündogan (ilker8810@gmail.com) and Kadir Gürcan for this
translation. Do not reproduce this translation without giving proper credit to
these translators.
